Gender inequality

Bridging the gender divide: securing equality in the EU social contract

Historically, social contract theories have often excluded women from full participation, assuming their primary role in the private sphere while denying them equal access to public life and political power. This "gendered division of labour" has been institutionalised through centuries, where freedom and justice in the public sphere were pursued at the cost of oppression and inequality in the private sphere. This division continues to restrict women’s access to political and economic life, undermining their status as equal citizens.

Despite progress in gender equality initiatives and the inclusion of women and LGBTI+ individuals in policy-making, significant challenges remain. These include:

  • Political participation: Women and LGBTI+ individuals still face barriers to full political participation and representation.
  • Anti-gender movements: Right-wing populist and authoritarian movements in some EU countries (such as Hungary and Poland) have intensified opposition to gender equality, threatening the progress made.
  • Insufficient measures: Efforts to promote gender equality are often ineffective or inadequate, particularly in addressing the disproportionate impact of war, conflict and climate change on women and marginalised groups.

Analysing gender inequalities and policy gaps

EXPRESS2 will explore the persistent gender inequalities that continue to disrupt the EU social contract. Using document and policy analysis, interviews, surveys, and co-creation workshops, the project will:

  1. Identify gaps in the implementation of gender equality norms and laws.
  2. Map anti-gender movements and their influence on the social contract.
  3. Analyse disruptions to political equality and representation for women and LGBTI+ individuals.

By addressing the ongoing challenges posed by gender inequality and anti-gender movements, we offer clear recommendations for improving gender equality in the EU. Strengthening the social contract through inclusivity and equal representation is essential for fostering a fair and just society where all citizens, regardless of gender or sexuality, can fully participate in political and social life.

WP6 leader

Zeynep Gülru Göker

Sabanci Universitesi (SU)